Upon exposure to exogenous alkylation damage, yeast respond by modulating a host of biological processes that includes, as expected, DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint pathways, but also includes the following: (i) activation of protein degradation machinery, (ii) increased lipid metabolism, (iii) increased RNA processing and (iv) decreased protein synthesis (ribosomal biosynthesis) [1], [2].
Small RNAs of 21 23 nucleotides are powerful regulators of gene expression and play essential roles in biological processes that include development, maintenance of genome stability, and viral adaptive defense mechanisms.
Further focus on the robust processes was enabled by selecting biological processes that included at least 30 candidate target genes.
These KLF proteins regulate diverse biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, growth, development, survival, and responses to external stress [ 20– 20].
These molecules participate in biological processes that include inflammatory responses and thereby orchestrate the adverse impact of excess adiposity on cardiovascular risk and incident type 2 diabetes [ 8].
During biological processes that include extensive tissue remodeling, fibroblasts may acquire morphological and biochemical features of contractile cells, and have thus been named myofibroblasts.
The PI3K AKT mTOR pathway controls many biological processes that include glucose uptake and metabolism, protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell survival (Hollander et al., 2011).
Its members participate in many biological processes that include vacuolar detoxification, pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) and stress adaptation (reviewed in [ 33]).
By RNA-sequencing, we identified 2,146 differentially expressed genes in these cell lines that were enriched in cancer related pathways and biological processes that include cell adhesion, growth factor and receptor activity, signaling, transcription and differentiation.
However, little is known about these proteins in the silkworm, even though its SPs and SPHs are involved in biological processes that include digestion, development and immune response [ 9- 12].
