Although very few lncRNAs have been characterized in detail, they are known to participate in a wide range of biological processes, including the modulation of apoptosis and invasion, the reprogramming of stem cell pluripotency, and parental imprinting.
Transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in a range of biological processes, including the modulation of immunity and inflammation, control of cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation, and regulation of tissue repair and extracellular matrix accumulation.
DNA methylation regulates many biological processes, including development and disease by modulation of gene expression.
Due to its interaction with a wide variety of proteins, TSP-1 has been implicated in a number of biological processes including coagulation, cell adhesion, the modulation of cell cell and cell matrix interactions, control of tumor growth and metastasis, and angiogenesis [ 10].
It has been estimated that miRNAs could be involved in the modulation of almost all biological processes, including growth, development, cell differentiation and immunity [ 7, 9].
Relevant data identify roles for the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) in many biological processes including regulation of cellular growth, differentiation and metabolic modulations [ 8].
Vorinostat has numerous effects on biological processes including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation at the cellular level, as well as angiogenesis inhibition and immune response modulation at the tissue level [ 61].
Recent findings have revealed critical functions for specific miRNAs in several cellular and biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and development, as well as in the regulation of genes relevant to cancer [ 6, 7] and the modulation of immune responses [ 8, 9].
NF-κB, a transcription factor complex, plays a central role in many biological processes, including inflammation.
