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The highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent VX is characterized by a remarkable biological persistence which limits the effectiveness of standard treatment with atropine and oximes.
One aspect is the biological persistence and the present paper reviews work in this field focussing on the degradation of xenobiotics in the environment.
The chemical and biological persistence of PFAAs is generally believed to be a result of the carbon fluorine bond, which is one of the strongest covalent bonds in nature [18].
Different structural reasons for chemical and biological persistence are described and strategies to use single bacterial isolates or microbial communities for the elimination of xenobiotic pollutants in the environment are summarized.
The extreme biological persistence of plutonium's radiation contamination and the cancer threat posed by alpha radiation occurring internally together establish plutonium's dangers.
All pesticides used in the working areas were currently approved pesticides with low biological persistence.
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When we consider a biological population system, persistence in mean and extinction are two very important properties.
Finally, the lack of degradability of the conjugated polymers that are traditionally used as building blocks in self-fluorescent polymers renders those systems less attractive due to potential for biological and environmental persistence.
This stereoisomer shift from what is in commercial mixtures has been hypothesized to be due to several reasons, including increased thermodynamic stability (Heeb et al. 2010), biological stability, and persistence of the α-HBCD stereoisomer (Szabo et al. 2011a) as compared to γ-HBCD.
In PS, six studies looked for associations according to biological DMARD, with higher persistence to adalimumab or etanercept compared to infliximab in one study [ 88], higher persistence to etanercept compared to both adalimumab and infliximab in another study [ 87] and higher persistence to ustekinumab compared with other anti-TNFs found in two studies [ 86, 91].
While recognizing the role of DNA sequence as the dominant contributor to the persistence of biological order, the emerging view offers a richer spectrum of additional factors that contribute to biological organization in a manner somewhat independent from DNA.
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