"But it is equally important to study life at the other end of the spectrum of biological organization — whole organisms and their interactions in nature".
Fig. 1 a Evolution by natural selection involves events at multiple scales of biological organization (genes, organisms, populations).
How can surface structure become meaningful to a biological organization that is initially organized at a cellular and biomolecular level?
Holism addresses the biological organization of life that self-organizes into layers of emergent whole systems that function according to nonreducible properties.
Here, the interactor is possibly at any level of biological organization, including a group, a kin-group, an organism, a gamete, a chromosome, or a gene.
Fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and water between ecosystem components and organisms have great impacts across levels of biological organization.
Exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as EE2, can alter an organism's mating behaviors at several different levels of biological organization.
Standard microbial evolutionary ontology is organized according to a nested hierarchy of entities at various levels of biological organization.
Conservation thus seeks to protect life's variety at all levels of biological organization.
build meaningful connections among concepts across scales of time and biological organization; 3.
The transition to multicellularity involved a fundamental shift in the nature of biological organization (Buss 1987; Smith and Szathmary 1995).
