The output of the DSP i, denoted by (v^{i}(t)), is then fed into the biological spike generator (BSG) of neuron i.
A typical experimental setup, as it is often used in undergraduate practical education in neurophysiology and others, consists of at least three separate parts: an electrical output device (e.g. a pulse generator), the biological test object to be measured and an electrical input device (e.g. a chart writer).
Although disruptive selection has long been viewed as a potential generator of biological diversity, it has received relatively little attention, and, consequently, little is known regarding its prevalence or causes within specific systems.
Cells were irradiated at room temperature with an X-ray generator, RS-2000 Biological Irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA) operating at 160 kV and 25 mA, yielding an absorbed dose rate of 2.2 Gy/min.
Central pattern generators (CPGs) functioning as biological neuronal circuits are responsible for generating rhythmic patterns to control locomotion.
This coculture system can be coupled with spatially controlled fluids such as gradients and focused flow generators for various biological and tissue engineering applications.
The synthetic data generator GeneNetWeaver uses topologies generated based on real biological networks, therefore allowing good approximation of the statistical properties of real biological networks.
Nanoscale generators can turn ambient mechanical energy vibrations, fluid flow, and even biological movement into a power source.
ECE fields range from the nanoscale to the gigantic, from electronics for microscopic integrated circuits and biological systems to large-scale energy generators and the power grid, from the maker movement to theoretical quantum mechanics.
There exist many benefits of having synchronization or chaos synchronization in some engineering applications, such as secure communication, chaos generators design, chemical reactions, biological systems, information science, etc.
