The NPY family of neuropeptides, including NPY, peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), has been shown to elicit diverse biological functions including hypothalamic control of food intake, anxiety and sedation.
The p53 gene is the most commonly mutated gene in human malignancies and has many important biological functions, including the control of cell cycle checkpoint after DNA damage.
These newly identified gankyrin-regulated proteins are involved in various biological functions, including cell cycle control, protein degradation and metabolism, which highlight the versatile functions of gankyrin.
Summary: RNA silencing is a complex, highly conserved mechanism mediated by small RNAs (sRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), that is known to be involved in a diverse set of biological functions including development, pathogen control, genome maintenance and response to environmental change.
The molecular mechanism responsible for this radioresistance is not fully understood and is likely mediated by a complex network of miR-210 targets involved in a wide set of biological functions, including cell cycle control, survival, DNA repair and cell metabolism.
Retinoids, such as vitamin A (retinol), are involved in multiple essential biological functions including fuel metabolism by controlling adipogenesis and energy homeostasis (112– 112).
The third gene Il1r1, whose levels were increased by TCDD, is a receptor whose responsiveness regulates several biological functions, including adaptive and innate immunity, control of programmed cell death and stress response [ 53].
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland of mammals at nighttime, and it is involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle as well as in several biological functions, including the regulation of mood, the control of seasonal reproduction, and the circadian rhythm, in animals and humans.
The regulated genes in cluster 3 were enriched for 15 different biological functions including terms related to cell cycle control and proliferation.
