This type of situation can in part help to explain why many cellular responses to a common stimulation have apparently contradictory biological effects, for example proliferation versus cell-cycle arrest.
These have several biological effects, for example vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity [ 1, 2, 14– 17].
Mechanisms underlying the positive effect of exercise on fatigue are not fully elucidated, current models favor physiological and biological effects, for example enhanced physical performance, reduced inflammation, and less distress [ 27, 28].
Besides these molecular mechanisms, trabectedin also induces unexpected biological effects; for example, it is active at low n M concentrations whereas DNA-interacting agents (e.g., temozolomide or platinum compounds) act in the high μ M range.
Third, in addition to POP kinetics, it is important to assess their biological effects, for example, by studying their target gene expression, and to evaluate relationships between changes in POP abundance and various bioclinical variations occurring after body fat loss.
(vi) Scavenging of ROS by antioxidants may result in the formation of other ROS with biological effects, for example scavenging of superoxide by SOD and some antioxidant vitamins results in increased levels of H2O2, another ROS with many biological effects (Dikalov et al., 2007) (Munzel et al., 2002).
Different cannabinoids can have very different biological effects; CBD, for example, does not make people high and is not intoxicating (please see Bergamaschi et al. 2011).
We cannot exclude the possibility that both these KIRs are responsible for the observed protective effect, as different cognate KIR-HLA class I pairs may have the same biological effects, since, for example, all activating KIR-S share the same KARAP/DAP12-dependent signalling pathways [37].
Many of these BAC are flavonoids, which are known to have various biological and pharmacological effects, for example, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antimutagenic effects [ 3].
The association between pain conditions and low alcohol use might be rooted in other aspects than the purely biological effects of alcohol, for example social factors like previous overuse or parental overuse.
The provision of protein cues released from the matrix has been shown to be risk-associated in vivo because of potential overshooting reactions and/or ectopic biological effects.[ 11] For example, application of bone morphogenic proteins has in some cases resulted in ectopic or excess bone formation as well as potential increase in cancer risk.
