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Tumor heterogeneity may be attributable to tumor biological drift, selective pressures of therapy leading to clonal selection with development of a novel tumor cell clone, or presence of small subclones routinely undetected within the primary tumor [ 3].
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We have seen that languages can evolve via natural selection; they can also evolve via drift as biological systems do.
Some extensions to biological problems where the drift term is not globally Lipschitz but satisfies the monotone growth condition (Equation 20) were studied in [67].
It has very important practical significance on how to protect the rare and endangered species (which is always the inferior competitor), maintain biodiversity and maintain ecological balance, and it also has great theoretical significance on the mathematical model of population ecology, genetic drift and biological evolution of the genetics.
We then calculated a more accurate estimate for biological variance due to drift, which increased our estimates of Ne to consistently ∼100 120 flies.
The observed morphological shell differences are thus rather due to drift than different biological function.
Furthermore, interaction between various ecological and biological factors, such as genetic drift, gene flow, selection, and mating system, affects the genetic structure of any plant populations [ 24].
Negative estimates occur when the genetic results can be explained entirely by sampling error without invoking any genetic drift, so the biological interpretation is = ∞ (Laurie-Ahlberg and Weir 1979; Nei and Tajima 1981).
I drifted into the biological stream at school, partly through the influence of an inspiring teacher but mostly just following in father's footsteps.
High school students (i.e., in the "By the end of grade 12" category) should have the opportunity to learn about genetic drift to fully understand biological evolution.
For example, unique biological communities occur above and below drift ice on the sea surface in coastal areas in the Sea of Okhotsk off northern Hokkaido in winter.
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