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Strong CO2 sink areas were seen in the transition zone between the subtropical gyre and subpolar waters, around 60°S to 40°S in the Southern Ocean and 40°N to 60°N in the North Atlantic, owing to low pCO2 waters formed by juxtaposition of the cooling of warm waters with biological drawdown of pCO2 in the nutrient-rich subpolar waters.
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The reduction in [CO2 aq)] due to biological carbon drawdown is then calculated as (4) where ΔDIC is the carbon drawdown by biological production in the top 100 m layer of the ocean taken from REcoM-2 (as gross primary production minus remineralization minus respiration).
The combination of decreasing buffer capacity and strong seasonality of biological carbon drawdown introduces a strong and increasing seasonality in the anthropogenic carbon uptake.
The Southern Ocean is a key region for global carbon uptake and is characterized by a strong seasonality with the annual CO2 uptake being mediated by biological carbon drawdown in summer.
The Southern Ocean is a CO2 source in winter and a CO2 sink in summer [ Lenton et al., 2013] highlighting the importance of biological carbon drawdown in summer [ Bakker et al., 1997].
The same amount of biological carbon drawdown leads to a more than twice as large reduction in CO2 aq) concentration and hence to a larger CO2 gradient between ocean and atmosphere that drives the gas exchange.
This coincides with the peak of carbon drawdown by biological production in these regions.
There are, but they do not lie in legislative maneuvers like the failed effort last week of Senator Gordon Smith of Oregon to overturn the biological opinions and allow drawdowns in Upper Klamath Lake.
In this study we will show that the seasonal drawdown of carbon by biological production will contribute an even larger share to total CO2 uptake as the Revelle factor increases toward the end of the century.
Significant drawdown of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), biological uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and an associated enhancement of dissolved oxygen and pH within plumes occur due to enhanced biological activity, as reported for the Mississippi River plume in the USA [21,22], the Scheldt plume in Belgium [23], and the Pearl River estuary in China [8].
Significant drawdown of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), biological uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and an associated enhancement of dissolved oxygen and pH within plumes occur due to enhanced biological activity, as reported for the Mississippi River plume in the USA [ 21, 22], the Scheldt plume in Belgium [ 23], and the Pearl River estuary in China [ 8].
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