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The problem has an important bearing on some bio-engineering problems, where the biological conduits, cells and membranes are typically surrounded by fluids, which are electrically conducting (as in the case of blood) and the conduits, cells and membranes that are stretched constantly.
Autogenous biological conduits include hollow vein and arterial conduits and soft tissues, including muscle and tendon grafts [ 46].
Nonautogenous biological conduits have been made from collagens type I, III, or IV and are available clinically.
Biological conduits such as autologous arteries, veins, muscle, and isotype-variant or heterogeneous collagen tubes denatured skeletal muscle or muscle basal lamina [ 24, 25], human amniotic membrane [ 26], veins [ 27], and polyglycolic acid-collagen tubes [ 28].
Vein conduits are the most popular biological conduits and Chiu and Strauch conducted a prospective study of twenty-two patients with defects of <3 cm in the hand and forearm, finding that autogenous vein nerve conduits produced results comparable to sural nerve digital grafts [ 47].
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We established that polymeric hydrogel could be a candidate for whole microchannel elastomer with suitable application in areas of tissues and biomedical engineering to mimic native biological transport conduits.
Current research into synthetic vascular grafts concentrates on simulating the mechanical properties of native arteries and tissue engineering aims to construct a new biological arterial conduit.
Both the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and the concentration of additives are found to be crucial for the final mechanical as well as biological performance of conduits.
In addition, cell viability and tissue histology were conducted to evaluate the biological performance of conduits both in short and long term for MWCNT reinforcement.
Recent advances in airway transplantation have shown the ability of ex vivo or in vivo tracheal regeneration with bioengineered conduits or biological substitutes, respectively.
It is concluded that conduit replacement may be deferred by balloon dilatation of obstructed biological valves and/or a stenotic conduit-pulmonary artery anastomosis.
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