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In this lab-scale study, domestic wastewater is subjected to a chemical biological adsorption (A-stage), followed by treatment in an innovative roof installed parallel plate microalgae biofilm reactor for nutrient immobilization (I-stage).
It is worth mentioning that the novel carriers exhibited selectively biological adsorption capacity, and this technique is an alternative method for the immobilization of enzyme, making the process more efficient and economic.
It also retains the color even after conventional treatments such as biological, adsorption, coagulation, floatation and membrane filtration [4].
Biological adsorption is the result from electrostatic attraction between the bacteria and MB where bacteria are negatively charged due to the presence of (PO4) groups on their surfaces, while MB is positively charged.
Biological adsorption is resulted from electrostatic attraction between the bacteria and MB where bacteria are negatively charged due to the presence of PO4- groups on their surfaces, while the MB is positively charged.
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The biological surface adsorption index approach (BSAI) for characterization of surface adsorption properties of NPs has recently been introduced (Xia et al. Nat Nanotechnol 5 671 675, 2010; Xia et al. ACS Nano 5(11):9074–9081, 2011).
There are filtration, biological methods, adsorption, electrolysis, and activated sludge.
To confirm whether the decolorization/degradation process was biological or adsorption phenomenon, NaOH extraction method was adopted (Jiranuntipon et al. 2008).
A broad range of physicochemical methods has been proposed for treatment of dyeing effluents including biological [6], adsorption [7, 8], membrane [9], coagulation-flocculation [10], oxidation-ozonation [11], and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) [12, 13].
The biological surface adsorption index (BSAI) presents a novel approach for surface characterization of NPs in biological systems [ 8, 9].
Up to now, numerous VOC treatment technologies have emerged, such as incineration, condensation, biological degradation, absorption, adsorption, and catalysis oxidation et al. Among them, the adsorption technology has been recognized as an efficient and economical control strategy because it has the potential to recover and reuse both adsorbent and adsorbate.
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