It was Endy's hope that the BioBricks would do for bioengineering what resistors and transistors did for electrical engineering.
Success required having an array of equipment and people at the ready — helicopter-rescue personnel, trauma surgeons, an experienced cardiac anesthesiologist and surgeon, bioengineering support staff, operating and critical-care nurses, intensivists.
Scientists wrote to request clones of the opsins to use in their own experiments, and, in the years since, bioengineering subspecialties in the design and development of new opsins have sprung up.
It takes effort and imagination to sift through this information, just as it requires an educated humanism to figure out whether a de-extinction project holds real environmental promise or is only an ancient longing for resurrection disguised as bioengineering.
Once all the samples were in, Tal Danino, a postdoctoral fellow in bioengineering at M.I.T., synthesized the material into a single bacterium.
Finally, recognizing a need to assist in overcoming the communication barrier as well as to prepare engineers for the future, engineering schools developed courses and curricula in bioengineering.
The Food and Drug Administration says it has no basis for concluding that foods developed by bioengineering techniques present different or greater safety concerns than foods developed by traditional plant breeding.
The philosopher S.M. Liao, for example, argued recently in The Atlantic that we begin voluntarily bioengineering ourselves to lower our carbon footprints and to become generally more virtuous.
The class -- Dr. Zaman teaches bioengineering for two months, and others, who do not use the evaluations, teach modules on law and global health -- is a teaching challenge, with students from many different departments, including neuroscience and hospitality management.
After retiring from the lab, he was chairman of the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, which does research in areas ranging from space to bioengineering.
The purview of Wiener's ideas and methods is even broad enough to encompass subfields like journalism ethics, library ethics, and the ethics of bioengineering.
