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Given the complex relationship between the enzymatic activities of LRRK2, and the recent observation that the G2385R polymorphism linked to disease risk in Asian populations acts to decrease kinase activity [30], it is possible that disruption of enzymatic function per se is the key biochemical read out of LRRK2 dysfunction in PD – with distinct but convergent phenotypic consequences.
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First, for lack of genetic deletion mutants, many experiments on neuronal MAG receptors had to rely on, sometimes ambiguous, biochemical read-out assays.
This is conceptually not surprising, as symptoms during the IPS are less persistent and specific (and may even return to "normal"), which could be reflected in the disease-related biochemical read-outs (Figure 4).
These results were validated by using a biochemical read-out of Ecto activity, namely, reduction of the binding between Smad2 and Smad4: in agreement with raised levels of Smad4 monoubiquitination, formation of the Smad4/Smad2 complex was decreased in Par1b-depleted cells, and this inhibition could be rescued by the concomitant loss-of-Ecto.
YG: collecting and interpreting data (biochemical analysis), read and approved the final manuscript.
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Though they are descriptive, it would be much more informative to also have biochemical and molecular read outs to document details on the nature of the immune response, neovascularization, collagen metabolism and nerve ingrowth [50].
The major difference to open abstracts databases like PubMed is that not only abstracts are covered but all chemical and biochemical literature is read in full text by computer algorithms to detect chemicals structures in text and pictures.
First a biochemical mechanism is read from an user-provided input text file and its bipartite digraph is generated.
File formats like SBML (Hucka et al., 2008), developed to express biochemical models, can be read by several simulators.
It appears that such approaches are indeed already available: for instance, there are tests for key biological processes of neurodevelopment that can be measured using a variety of biochemical or neuro-functional read-outs.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com