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After treatment, the bioavailable concentration of the chemical, measured as the concentration in the water phase, remained below the detection limit, and no toxicity for earthworms was observed.
In contrast, biofortification (i.e., increasing the bioavailable concentration of essential elements in edible portions of crop plants through conventional breeding or genetic engineering) does not require specific processing after harvesting or a dedicated infrastructure (Grusak and DellaPenna 1999; Mayer et al. 2008).
Therefore, it is not easy to predict the physiological effects and the bioavailable concentration of SR10 in human or animals.
In mild extraction, a variety of "soft" solvents (e.g., n-butanol, methanol, ethyl acetate) are used to estimate the readily extractable fraction as an approximation of the bioavailable concentration.
This elevated expression of iron-uptake systems on wheat straw can be explained by a lower bioavailable concentration of iron during growth on wheat straw (as shown in this study), which is probably due to the ability of cellulose for sequestering Fe3+[ 44].
If the biologically active compound were the free species (van den Berg et al. 2003), urinary excretion of the conjugated species would reduce the bioavailable concentration of the free species for target organs, thus minimizing the potential adverse effects related to parabens exposure.
Similar(6)
Since element bioavailability is related to its solubility, extractable metal concentrations may correspond to the bioavailable concentrations (An and Kampbell [2003]).
Regulatory proteins associated with catabolic pathways have been utilized to generate biosensors for the detection of bioavailable concentrations of environmentally relevant chemicals.
A procedure has been developed for the determination of bioavailable concentrations of selenium and arsenic in estuarine sediments employing inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) using a concomitant metals analyzer device to perform hydride generation.
The bioavailable concentrations of uncoated TiO2 for earthworms seem to be comparable regardless of whether exposure is via food or soil.
In contrast, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) can be used to measure freely dissolved analyte concentrations representing the bioavailable concentrations in bioconcentration studies and help to assess the presence of non-bioavailable molecules bound to organic matter in the test system [11].
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