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We analyzed these data with a one-tailed Binomial test with the null hypothesis that an equal number of least squares slopes should be positive and negative.
A one-sample binomial test – with the test proportion set at 0.5 – determined whether the proportion of PA versus MD, on the dichotomous variables, significantly differed from the hypothesized value.
Using the one-sided binomial test with the given hypotheses, the study required 37 patients to decide whether the PFS-3yR is less than or equal to 0.5 or greater than or equal to 0.7.
All uncapped 5′-ends that passed this criterion were then subjected to statistical evaluation using a binomial test with the following Equation P x = x n q x 1 - q n - x where x was the read number of an uncapped 5′-end while n was the total read number occurring within the 21-nt window symmetrically flanking it.
We used a simple binomial test with the probability of an organism (extant or ancestral) acting as an HGT donor being proportional to its genome size, but assuming that all transfer events were independent and all genomes had equal opportunity to contribute.
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Molecular functions, biological processes and biological pathways over-represented by "signature" genes of the TAA were identified and the statistical significance of the over-representation was quantified by a random overlapping p value using the binomial test with all the genes represented by the Applied Biosystems Human Genome Survey Microarray as the reference list [28].
Protein classification over-represented by "signature" genes of the luminal A and the basal subtype were identified and the statistical significance of the over-representation was quantified by a random overlapping p value using the binomial test with all the genes represented by the Applied Biosystems Human Genome Survey Microarray as the reference list [ 49].
We tested whether significantly more subjects turned their head to one side than expected by chance for each of the 12 acoustic stimuli using the binomial test with 50% chance level for the whole population as well as for males and females, separately.
Here, we contrast the performance of California's exact binomial test with one potential alternative, the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT).
Welch et al. identified significant extra variability (beyond that expected by the binomial test) in the number of peaks assigned to genes in ENCODE ChIP-seq data; they show this, together with the incorrect assumption of the binomial test with respect to locus length, accounts for the inflated type I error (Welch et al., 2014).
The second method, binom, implements a binomial test with probabilities p and q for the reference and the alternative allele, respectively.
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