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The 95% confidence interval and p-values resulted from the binomial test for each case are given in the table.
Each list is compared to the reference list (NCBI M. Musculus genes) using the binomial test for each biological process term.
We have performed two-tailed binomial test for each pair of homoeologous genes differing in expression.
The NMD candidate list was compared with the all the genes used and the P values were determined using a binomial test for each functional category.
Each list was compared with the reference list, using the binomial test for each molecular function, biological process, or pathway term in PANTHER.
For PANTHER the P-value listed is calculated by the program using the binomial test for each category with a Bonferroni correction.
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We tested whether m is explained only by the estimated error rate, given X by binomial testing for each cytosine residue, by following the method described by Lister et al. [ 47].
These findings were corroborated when we calculated binomial tests for each individual (which showed more than six manipulations during the first six sessions in 2009): the preferences were significant for 18 of 20 monkeys (binomial test: P < 0.05); the two subjects that had no preference in 2009 did not have a preference in 2007 either.
To test this we carried out pairwise binomial tests for each time point which indeed showed that towards the end of the assay the 4 most virulent isolates differed significantly in virulence from the ancestral population, with no lines being significantly less virulent than the ancestral line (Fig. 2; Additional file 1: Table S3).
For each pair of amino acids in each pair of species, the exact binomial test (for N < 1,000; McDonald 2009, p. 24 32) or G-test of goodness-of-fit (for N > 1,000; McDonald 2009, p. 46 51) was used to test the significance of the deviation from the expected 1 1 ratio.
Because only a small number of students were in each instructor analysis, an exact binomial test for goodness of fit was used to compare the expected value of female speakers (the percentage of women enrolled in the class) with the observed percentage of female voices heard in each interaction type.
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