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We also determine the distribution of caspase 9 activity in HA14-1-treated immortalized Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells, using a multiparameter flow cytometry assay based on FAM-LEHD-FMK (caspase 9 FLICA) reagent which binds to the activated caspase 9, TMRM which labels energized mitochondria, and plasma membrane integrity marker 7-AAD (Fig. 2b).
For example, in the α-factor signal transduction pathway, when the Ste5 scaffolding protein binds to the activated the Gβγ protein, it brings the associated Ste11 MEK kinase enzyme close to the Ste20 kinase initiating the MAP kinase cascade (Pryciak, 2001).
One of the integrin-β1 key binding partners is integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1), which binds to the activated integrin-β1 and mediates downstream signaling effects such as the activation of Akt [ 41, 42].
This effect involves the phosphotyrosine-binding domain of c-Cbl that binds to the activated receptor and the RING domain that is required for ubiquitination.
Activation of platelets was identified with the use of flow cytometry by the binding to platelets of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled fibrinogen (that binds to the activated conformer of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa) and phycoerythrin-labeled anti-CD62 that binds to P-selectin on the surface of activated platelets (Becton Dickinson) as previously described (5, 13, 14).
94 For instance, the morpholino-[I]-IPQA probe, which binds to the activated EGFR kinase adenosine triphosphate-binding site, but not to the inactive form, has been developed in order to image active forms of EGFR in tumor cell lines and mouse xenografts.
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Results: In vitro studies: All three carriers preferentially bound to the activated rather than to quiescent HSC.
The murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) induces in infected cells expression of the virus-encoded GPI-anchored m157 protein, which binds to the activating, DAP12-associating killer receptor Ly49H in MCMV-resistant mice leading to NKcell-mediated cytotoxicity.
The latter provides a proline-rich domain (PRD) that serves as a docking site for the "organizer" subunit p47 phox, which in turn binds to the activating subunit p67 phox.
Cell surface NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) bind to the activating NKG2D receptor present on NK cells and subsets of T cells, thus playing a role in initiating an immune response.
In this scheme, ATP cannot bind to the immobile activated complex unless γ = 2 ADP molecules are already bound.
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