Tis11 binds to specific mRNAs and signals their degradation in response to iron limitation [ 25]; its role in zinc deficiency is not yet determined.
For example, the product of the FMR1 gene, the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), binds to specific mRNAs and represses their translation.
To interrupt that process, antisense RNA therapies inject cells with RNA strands that bind to specific mRNA snippets, effectively blocking them from being read by ribosomes.
Recent proteomic studies comparing the composition of two neuronal RNPs, one containing Staufen and the other Barentsz, have shown that neuronal RNA granules are highly heterogeneous and potentially bind to specific mRNAs (Fritzsche et al., 2013).
The RRM, which confers RNA-binding specificity, binds to specific regulatory sequences in pre-mRNA, and the RS domain mediates protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions in the splicing machinery [3], [6].
In rho-mediated termination, the protein factor rho binds to specific binding sites of mRNAs and traverses the mRNA in a 5'–3′ direction, eventually causing actively transcribing polymerase to abort [ 96].
Located on the other side of the tRNA is the anticodon that binds to specific codons of the messenger RNA (mRNA) at the A-site of the ribosome, ensuring that the correct amino acid is decoded.
As an example, consider the S15 mRNA pseudoknot that binds to specific proteins in the autoregulation mechanism of ribosomal protein S15 synthesis (Philippe et al., 1995).
In addition to its role in RISC complex, Ago-2 influences the patterns of mRNA splicing and binds to specific chromatin sites near gene promoters and negatively regulates the transcription of the Ago-2-associated target genes [ 108].
Moreover, Totary-Jain et al. reported that CRT also binds to specific element in 3′-UTR of glucose transporter-1 mRNA and destabilizes the mRNA under high-glucose conditions [ 58].
