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We identified the antigen recognized by 2E12 antibody as a bovine serum protein vitronectin that binds to apoptotic cells of various origin.
We, therefore, analyzed whether FSAP binds to apoptotic cells.
It also binds to apoptotic cells and may function as a scavenger receptor to facilitate their clearance as has been shown for other collectins.
Since IgM binds to apoptotic cells and activates the classical complement on the apoptotic cells in vitro [ 2], we asked whether sIgM was required for complement activation and rapid removal of dying cells by phagocytic cells in vivo.
Recently, it has been shown that the secreted glycoprotein milk fat globule epidermal growth factor (EGF) factor 8 (MFG-E8), which binds to apoptotic cells by recognizing phosphatidylserine, is essential for normal second phase involution and the clearance of milk fat globules [ 33].
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Kuraya and collaborators have reported that ficolins can bind to apoptotic cells and activate the (C4b2b) convertasease [42].
Annexin allows fluorescent detection of Annexin V bound to apoptotic cells.
In addition there is – at least – one other molecule with the ability to bind to apoptotic cells multivalently.
The development of radiopharmaceuticals that bind to apoptotic cells has been useful for in vivo evaluation of therapeutic efforts in apoptotic cell death in cardiomyocytes.
In early apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is translocated to the outer leaflet of the cell plasma membrane [ 17], allowing annexin V labelled fluorophores to bind to apoptotic cells.
The pentraxins share several properties, including the ability to activate the complement system and to bind to apoptotic cells [ 4, 17].
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