BLyS and APRIL share two receptors, trans-membrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI, CD267) (Von Bulow and Bram, 1997) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA, CD269) (Gras et al, 1995); BLyS also binds to a third receptor, BAFF-R (also known as BR3, CD268) (Thompson et al, 2001).
Both Geldanamycin (GA), which binds to the N-terminal ATP-binding site of the protein [ 22], and Novobiocin (NB), which binds to a second ATP-binding site on the C-terminal domain [ 23] are global Hsp90 inhibitors: that is, they are known to block both Hsp90 isoforms (α and β), which share about 80% homology, and maybe other factors.
Thereafter another part of the ET-1 molecule binds to a second distinct binding-site on the receptor (site L).
Nox2, the catalytic subunit, is membrane-associated and binds to a second membrane protein, p22 phox.
After the release of orotate, ubiquinone binds to a second site and receives an electron from the co-substrate.
After the release of orotate, ubiquinone binds to a second site and receives an electron from the cosubstrate.
HipB is also translated from mRNA and subsequently binds to a second copy of itself to form the HipB dimer, which can bind to and repress the promoter.
This extracellular membrane bound function is unlikely in the saprolegnialean elicitin-like genes as they lack identifiable transmembrane motifs that would be necessary for anchoring into the extracellular membrane, unless the protein binds to a second membrane bound protein.
Once activated by these lipophilic pollutants, the AhR translocates to the nucleus where it binds to a second member of the PAS family, the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT), and to transcriptional co-activators or co-repressors [ 26- 30].
