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Erbitux, for example, binds to a cell-surface protein called epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR).
Quantitative flow cytometric studies indicate that MoAb 5.48 binds to a cell-surface antigen which is present on significantly fewer cells of poorly differentiated tumours than on either normal urothelium (P less than 0.05), or well differentiated tumours (P = 0.05).
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They already knew that chronic stress increases blood concentrations of the hormone noradrenaline; noradrenaline, Nahrendorf discovered, binds to a cell surface receptor protein called β3 on stem cells in the bone marrow.
The E12 MAb binds to a cell surface antigen present on a subpopulation of NeuroM expressing cells (4).
As for the BLM disaccharide Cy5** conjugate, the BLM monosaccharide Cy5** conjugate presumably first binds to a cell surface receptor followed by internalization.
In this assay, cells were first incubated with a catch reagent (a bi-specific dimeric antibody) that binds to a cell surface antigen of leukocytes and is also able to react with the IL-10 secreted by the cell.
Next, the invader is partially digested by the body cell, and one of its fragments is moved to the surface of the cell, where it becomes bound to a cell-surface protein.
These systems generally involve the use of various ligands that selectively bind to a cell-surface marker on the target cell [5, 6].
In a series of reports throughout the year, researchers found that in order to get into a cell, HIV must first bind to a cell surface receptor that normally receives the chemokines, and the virus cannot infect people born with defective chemokine receptors.
For example, anthrax lethal toxin, ricin and cholera toxin bind to a cell surface receptor and make use of cellular membrane trafficking to enter the cell [ 21, 22].
Complexity of the system increases because transport properties are different for receptors and ligands in free solution vs. bound to a cell surface.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com