Pathogen receptor DC-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3 Grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN), also known as CD209, is highly expressed in mucosal tissues and binds a wide range of pathogens such as HIV-1, Helicobacter pylori and Candida albicans [7] [10].
It was recently found that CTX not only binds a wide range of tumor cell types but is also internalized by proliferating human vascular endothelial cells [ 23].
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines binds a wide range of chemokines and thus competes with white blood cells for chemoattractants as well as increase cell exposure to HIV infection.
First, their capacity to structurally adapt to many different binding partners matches the need for chaperones to bind a wide range of proteins.
Antibodies elicited by this mini-HA in mice and nonhuman primates bind a wide range of HAs, compete with human bnAbs for HA stem binding, neutralize H5N1 viruses, and mediate antibody-dependent effector activity.
GPCRs bind a wide range of ligands to relay extracellular signals through G protein-mediated signaling cascades.
The resulting sequences can bind a wide range of targets with high affinity, including small molecules [14, 15], proteins [16], and even whole cells [17].
AP2/ERF proteins have strongly capacity to bind a wide range of cis-regulatory elements in promoter of target genes (Sasaki et al. 2007).
Last but not least, DARPins have a relatively large binding interface and have been engineered, mostly via phage display and ribosome display, to bind a wide range of targets with pmol/L nmol/L affinities (Pluckthun, 2015).
Phosphonic acid (H3PO3) is a candidate as an anchor group that can be used to bind a wide range of molecules to TiO2 surfaces, with practical applications for example in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Aptamers are single-stranded artificial oligonucleotide (DNA or RNA; 6 26 kDa) sequences, usually 20 60 bases long, that can fold into secondary and tertiary structures, with high affinity to bind a wide range of targets Fig. 6, including amino acids, drugs, proteins or even entire cells, with high specificity [242, 243, 244, 245, 246].
