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These messages include Proxy Binding Update (PBU), Proxy Binding Acknowledgement (PBA), Local PBU (LPBU), Local PBA (LPBA), Proxy Binding Query (PBQ), and Proxy Query Acknowledgement (PQA).
Four messages are used for binding update of THA as in ROMIP: Binding Warning Message Binding Request Message Binding Update Message, and Acknowledgment Message.
Additionally, the proposed scheme improves the packet delivery and location update (i.e., binding update) costs.
As a result, a popular correspondent node may simultaneously receive a great number of binding update messages within a short period of time.
binding update.
Therefore, an MN performs two types of binding update: the global binding update and the local binding update.
The binding update process of MIPv6 in RO mode includes the binding update to the HA, RR procedure, and the binding update to the CN.
Let Cg and Cl denote the signaling cost in the global binding update and the local binding update, respectively.
Compared with HMIPv6, there is one type of special binding update in ADA: CMP binding update (CBU).
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The differences between our scheme and FMIPv6 are the number of link layer triggers and the binding update procedure.
It focuses on the authentication of the location-binding update messages to prevent the possible security issues such as man-in-the-middle attack and DoS.
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