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The fact that dimers are significantly more potent than monomers may suggest improved binding to their specific target than the monomers.
All of the γc cytokines, activate the jak1 and jak3 kinases upon binding to their specific and the common gamma chains, respectively.
These activated ligands are then capable of binding to their specific receptors, thereby initiating TGF-β/P-Smad signal transduction.
In both cases, chemokines provide a chemotactic signal to cells by binding to their specific cell-surface receptors.
Such regions exist as a highly flexible structural ensemble in isolation and adopt a well-defined conformation only upon binding to their specific partner molecules.
Estrogens are known to play a critical role in the growth of breast cancers and exert their effects by binding to their specific nuclear receptors.
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Some gp130-cytokines, such as IL-6, homodimerize gp130 by first binding to their ligand specific α-receptor then to gp130 to form a signalling competent hexamer, whereas other gp130-cytokines, including LIF, CNTF, OSM and CT-1, heterodimerize gp130 with LIF-R to form signalling competent complexes [ 34].
Most of the antibodies showed specific binding to their respective overexpressing cell line but not to the non-transfected cells, thus indicating binding to their respective target receptor.
However, the growing knowledge of antibody interactions with FcRN receptors resulting in prolonged serum persistence have allowed for development of engineered antibody fragments possessing shorter half-lives while providing the same specific binding to their antigen.
Because miRNAs function by specific binding to their targets, polymorphisms (SNP) within the sequence of miRNAs or their target mRNAs can lead to disease, including cancer.
In particular, this information provides a better understanding of the basis by which different proteins achieve selectivity and specific binding to their cognate ligands and drugs [1].
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