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However, the need for secondary antibodies binding to the target analytes results in a long sample preparation time and high complexity in sample labeling.
Due to the analyte binding to the sensing hole, the refractive index of hole is changed and consequently the resonant wavelength is shifted.
Conformational changes and/or electron density variations occurring along the PAE conjugated path, as a consequence of analyte binding to the aminoacidic/peptidic receptor site, might dramatically change the optoelectronic properties of the material, thus signaling the presence of the analyte.
Biotinylated quantum dots are used as a label to monitor target analyte binding to the bead's surface.
Such a small chamber size enabled rapid accumulation and diffusion of cell-secreted cytokines and, therefore, acutely reducing the volume and incubation time required for the target analyte binding to the LSPR sensing surface.
Typically, the aim is to capture an analyte with the maximum possible binding to the ligands.
This chapter focuses on molecules, produced through genetic engineering, that combine the recognition element with a signaling element (such as a fluorophore) in an effort to optimize the signal caused by the binding of the analyte to the recognition element.
The interdigitated electrodes provide a large active area to facilitate binding between the analyte and the detection probe and hence have several advantages over non-interdigitated electrode arrays [11, 12].
Further optimization of the method is needed and will depend on the analyte being collected, especially if there is binding of the analyte to the microneedle matrix material.
However, bio-sensors using EIS detection have to be carefully designed to minimize non-specific binding of the analyte.
The sensor utilizes a competitive displacement approach to measure the binding of the analyte, which keeps the nonspecific binding below detectable levels.
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