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These results indicate that the fusion of ABP is a useful approach to achieving prolonged retention in the blood circulation through binding to serum albumin and retaining biological activity.
However, in spite of seemingly adequate exposure achieved upon IV administration, the in vivo efficacy of the early lead compounds was limited by high levels of binding to serum proteins.
Through binding to serum proteins such as immunoglobulins, fibrinogen, and the complement regulator, factor H, M family proteins can effectively avoid phagocytosis through prevention of complement deposition.
The D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase exhibits more than 50% sequence similarity to putative 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase which was identified as one of the antigenic proteins binding to serum antibody obtained from treponema pallidum-infected rabbits [82].
The results of binding to serum protein presented here are interesting in the light of the strong binding of the iminium form and the complete absence of binding of the alkanolamine form with nucleic acids.
Despite the potent oncolytic activity of these peptides in vitro, studies in vivo are very limited, mainly because of their inactivation in serum, partially because of their binding to serum components and their enzymatic degradation.
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These differences in biological activity are likely to be due to many factors including variations in dose, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and regulation of, and/or binding, to serum-binding proteins and steroidogenic enzymes.
In contrast, the estimated clearance of ALX-0061 after single intravenous doses of 0.4 to 10 mg/kg was much lower, and can be attributed to binding of the HSA binding domain to serum albumin.
The sensitivity of the HRP-Cap∆41-based ELISA was lower than HRP-Trx-Cap∆41 due to modification of epitopes on the Cap∆41 protein during HRP conjugation, resulting in loss of specific binding activity to serum PCV2 antibody.
For example, gadofosveset trisodium has a prolonged serum half-life due to its unique binding properties to serum albumin.
The presence of sufficient negative charges on the disaccharide backbone – mainly, but not necessarily, two phosphate groups – has an important influence on lipid A molecular conformation and the binding capacity to serum proteins such as LBP [ 83, 101].
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