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Jaks then tyrosine-phosphorylate receptor-bound STATs so that active STAT dimers can finally translocate to the nucleus where they initiate transcription by binding to response elements in the promoter of a target gene [40].
Upon activation, PPARγ heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and transcriptionally regulates target genes by binding to response elements (PPRE) consisting of a hexameric DNA core recognition motif spaced by one nucleotide (DR-1, PPREs; 5'-AGGTCANAGGTCA-3'), where PPARγ occupies the 5'-half of the motif [15], [16].
Analysis of regulatory motifs suggests that the AHR mostly mediates transcriptional regulation via direct binding to response elements.
The mechanism of PXR in regulating CYP3A4 involves it binding to response elements of the CYP3A4 gene that confers transactivation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were conducted to determine whether OCT4 controls miR-125b-1 miR-125b-1 miR-125b-1y binding to rexpressionements within the miR-125by1 promoter.
They are ligand-activated transcription regulators, which act by forming heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (RXRs) and binding to response elements on target genes.
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This action is an example of nongenomic effects of TZDs since no ligand binding to response element occurred.
ERs contain two major conserved signatures in the DBD, the P-box (CEGCKA), responsible for the binding specificity to response elements, and the D-box, also involved in the DNA binding specificity of the ER dimers.
For example, the anticancer drugs paclitaxel and cisplatin induced PXR binding, more strongly to response elements within the MDR1 promoter than those within the CYP3A4 promoter [ 20].
COUP-TFII can activate or repress gene expression in both a tissue-specific and gene-specific manner through mechanisms involving direct binding to DNA response elements or binding to other transcription factors.
Translocation of HIF-1 to the nucleus and binding to hypoxic response elements leads to the transcription and translation of numerous genes (Semenza et al, 1994; Carmeliet et al, 1998; Pugh and Ratcliffe, 2003).
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