The thickness is based on the mucus containing beads, and as the mucus in IL-10−/− mouse colon is very penetrable, this results in a smaller value than in figure 3B where the mucus thickness is based on charcoal binding to the mucus surface.
Oral administration of these AuNPs-loaded PEDOT/Zn micromotors into the mouse stomach led to their movement in the gastric fluid and binding to the mucus layer on the stomach wall.
In LAB, mucus-binding domains (MUB, MucBP) are found in many proteins and are thought to play a role in binding to the host GI-tract mucus layer [ 57, 93, 94].
Several surface proteins of L. reuteri that are involved in colonisation by binding to epithelia, epithelial cells, or mucus have been functionally characterised [ 12, 15, 19– 21, 53].
Outer membrane proteins such as P2 and P5 facilitate binding of the bacteria to mucus [11, 12].
Misoprostal is a prostaglandin analog that increases release of bicarbonate and mucin (a component of mucus) and reduces acid secretion by binding to prostaglandin receptors on parietal cells.
These groups act by binding to free radicals or by forming disulfide bonds in the gastric mucus, thus preventing cleavage [ 52, 53].
In addition to domains for binding to the cell wall of the producing cell (e.g. LysM, SH3), several other domains are found which are related to binding to host macromolecules (e.g. domains annotated as mucus-binding, chitin-binding, collagen-binding, fibronectin-binding, carbohydrate-binding, etc) (Table 3).
A previous study has also shown that the binding of CS6 to rabbit enterocytes, and to mucus from rabbit and human intestines, was abolished by treatment with meta-periodate, indicating the involvement of carbohydrates in the binding process [12].
Prof. Michael Rubinstein and collaborators have published research regarding adhesion and binding of mucus to develop therapies that could provide relief in patients with cystic fibrosis.
