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We found that blocking IFN-β from binding to its cell surface receptor had no effect on MAVS-induced apoptosis (Fig. 5B) even though the antibody efficiently blocked the function of secreted IFN-β (Fig. S5).
Upon binding to its cell surface receptor, the αMβ2 integrin [7], ACT becomes an integral membrane protein and inserts its N-terminal adenylyl cyclase domain (AC domain) into the cytosol of the target cell.
Further, HDL can influence cellular signaling by binding to its cell surface receptors.
Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis by binding to its cell surface receptor EpoR - a member of the cytokine receptor family that is expressed on erythroid cells in the bone marrow.
Insulin regulates essential physiological functions by binding to its cell surface receptors, thereby activating signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular responses.
Similar to other death ligands, TRAIL activates the extrinsic apoptotic pathway upon binding to its cell surface receptors, death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5.
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TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine that can activate an extrinsic, caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway upon binding to its cell-surface receptor [62].
RANKL mediates its function by binding to its cell-surface receptor RANK on osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts, thus stimulating differentiation and activation of osteoclasts.
IL1RN (IL-1 receptor antagonist; 2.8-fold increase at 2 hrs) is a protein secreted mainly by macrophages that acts as competitive inhibitor of IL-1β binding to its cell-surface receptor.
The inactive form of uPA (pro-uPA) is secreted mainly by stromal cells (and to a much lesser extent also by tumour cells), and is activated by binding to its cell-surface receptor (uPAR).
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces cell death by binding to its corresponding cell surface receptors TRAIL-R1 or -R2.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com