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Cystine-knot miniproteins, also known as knottins, are small polypeptides (20 60 amino acids) that have an interwoven disulfide-bonded framework, triple-stranded β-sheet fold, and possess one or more solvent exposed loops that mediate binding to diverse targets [1], [2].
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4 The three human SUMO proteins (SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3) are conjugated to diverse target proteins, thereby often altering their interaction with other proteins through interactions between SUMO and SUMO-binding motifs.
1) Why don't the α-sheet peptides oligomerize themselves instead of binding to the sequence diverse targets, in particular at 20 1 design/target concentration ratios?
Since ANK repeats of ankyrins are responsible for binding to numerous targets with diverse sequences, it is likely that there is evolutionary pressure against random mutations in the ANK repeat sequences (the residues in the inner groove in particular).
To elucidate the mechanisms governing ANK repeat-mediated binding of ankyrins to diverse membrane targets, we attempted to determine the atomic structures of ANK repeats alone or in complex with their targets.
This could be explained by the differential cell-specific transient and dynamic expression of Id's in response to stimulus, and preferential binding to different targets involved in diverse functions55.
This observation supports our earlier proposal that the SUKH and the SuFu superfamilies primarily function by being able to bind diverse target proteins by means of sequence variability in their respective versatile binding interfaces [ 17].
The combinatorial usage of the quasi-independent sites, together with the low sequence specificity of each binding site as well as the structural plasticity of the ANK repeat solenoid (Lee et al., 2006), indicate that ANK repeats can have large capacities in binding to numerous membrane targets with diverse sequences.
It seems to work by binding to multiple targets, she said, which may slow down the development of resistance.
Promiscuous binding to several protease targets demonstrates the emerging importance of quantitative studies on binding specificity.
Resultant radioactive metabolites could also contribute to nonspecific binding or compete with the parental tracer for binding to the target.
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