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These repressors, bearing fanciful names like Snail, Slug, Sip-1, and Twist, exert their effects by binding to different E-boxes in the E-cadherin promoter [ 12].
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c-Myc is known to bind to two different E-box motifs composed of CpA, TpG, and CpG dinucleotides: the so called canonical Myc E-box 5′-CACGTG-3′ and noncanonical Myc E-box 5′-CACATG-3′/5′-CATGTG-3′ 5′-CACATG-3′/5′-CATGTG-3′ 5′-CACATG-3′/5′-CATGTG-3′ 5′-CACATG-3′/5′-CATGTG-3′ 5′-CACATG-3′/5′-CATGTG-3′
On the other hand, upon binding to two DNA E-boxes, the protein also appeared to be highly disordered.
This requires binding to specific E-boxes throughout the genome, followed by recruitment of chromatin modifying complexes and transcription machinery.
E-proteins activate transcription by binding to promoter E-boxes.
Most recently, Snail was described to contribute to repress transcription of E-cad gene by binding to the E-boxes of the CDH1 promoter (Giroldi et al, 1997).
Snail and Twist repress E-cadherin through binding to E-boxes in the E-cadherin promoter and induce EMT (Yang and Weinberg, 2008).
Snail can negatively regulate a number of tumor suppressors including E-cadherin, claudins, and occludin, by binding to E-boxes in the promoter region [ 2, 23, 24].
The transcription factors c-Myc and Mnt regulate gene expression through dimerization with Max and binding to E-boxes in target genes.
SNAI1 is also known to act as a transcriptional repressor through binding to E-boxes [ 8].
CLOCK and BMAL1, two bHLH-PAS transcription factors, are capable of activating transcription upon binding to E-box (5'- CACGTG -3') and E-box-like promoter sequences [ 2].
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