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This makes computing relative affinities of chemically similar compounds binding to a membrane protein possible in order to guide decision making in drug design.
uPA acts in vivo by binding to a membrane receptor known as uPAR.
Although previous studies showed that Heart-FABP (62 % homology with FABP4) has the capability of binding to a membrane receptor described in cardiac cells [ 27], this observation has neither been confirmed nor extended to other FABP family members.
We would therefore predict that AP2 would exhibit tighter binding to a membrane harboring both endocytic motifs than to one with either motif alone, due to the avidity effect of simultaneous binding.
MAPK pathway had been often found to be deregulated in cancers and consists of several kinases (Ras, Raf, MEK) that were activated by phosphorylation upon ligand binding to a membrane receptor, ending up in the activation of several proteins involved in processes of cell invasion, apoptosis, transcription, survival, and drug resistance 48.
This function of introns could occur if exons code for a domain, a polypeptide unit that has a discrete function such as binding to a membrane, the catalytic site of an enzyme, or a structural unit of a protein (Jerry 2001).
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Like other cytokines IL-6 acts by binding to a membrane-spanning receptor.
A final more speculative mechanism would be that TIMP-1 acts by binding to a membrane-type MMP and causing the activation of a signal transduction pathway through the cytoplasmic domain of the membrane-type MMP.
The biological activities of IL-6 are classically mediated through binding to a membrane-bound cognate receptor interleukin-6 receptor- α (IL-6R α) (gp80) and triggering of a signal transducer, gp130 (Kishimoto et al, 1995; Hibi et al, 1996).
24,25(OH)2 vitamin D3, however, directly reduces chondrocyte differentiation in resting zone chondrocytes and stimulates late differentiation, while 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 directly decreases proliferation and inhibits hypertrophic differentiation of proliferative cells through binding to a membrane-associated rapid-response steroid receptor (ERp57) on growth plate chondrocytes [ 11, 30].
To allow simultaneous binding to a membrane-embedded VAMP and PtdIns4,5P2 to occur, the amino-terminal half of the VAMP SNARE motif must be able to reach its binding site, which is at a distance of around 50Å from the membrane surface.
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