One-third of the binding specificities have not been previously reported.
In the case of H5N1 viruses, although avian H5N1 viruses have started to infect humans sporadically, the human-infecting H5N1 viruses have not been adapted to humans and cannot be efficiently transmitted between humans, indicating their binding specificities have not been changed.
The ALIX activity is specific for Lys-63-linked ubiquitin chains (Dowlatshahi et al., 2012; Keren-Kaplan et al., 2013; Pashkova et al., 2013), and ESCRT-I complexes also have multiple ubiquitin binding sites, although linkage specificity has not been observed (Stefani et al., 2011; Agromayor et al., 2012; McCullough et al., 2013).
Its binding specificity has been evolved to recognise a quite different target, a human monoclonal IgG4.
B3 DNA binding specificity has been studied in three families: ABI3, RAV and ARF.
Stereo-specificity has not been observed for the PS binding proteins synaptotagmin I and annexin A5.
For that reason a compromise between potential immunogenicity and retained binding specificity had to be made.
For this reason, more complex models of binding specificity have been developed.
Consequently, antibodies, lectins or toxins with GSL binding specificities have engendered great interest in oncology.
Although changes in target specificity due to binding with cofactors has not been demonstrated for Sox proteins in Drosophila, it is a well-characterized phenomenon for the Hox family of TFs [ 11, 110, 111].
