The site-directed mutagenesis approach is generally applicable to identify the roles of specific residues in ligand binding, specificity, and catalysis, which in turn is guided by knowledge of the 3-D structures of proteins.
The S1 subsite is prominent and merges into the 'water retention site', suggesting intimate interplay between substrate binding, specificity and catalysis.
The combination of broad binding specificity and moderate binding affinity in the CBM with a single multifunctional GH5 catalytic domain gave best catalysis with plant biomass.
In vitro binding and specificity were assessed for 125I-Fab, and binding, specificity and internalization were assessed for 111In-Fab using both H314 and A431 cells.
The unigenes were finally classified into 11 categories based on molecular function, and the two most overrepresented terms were binding (nucleotide binding, protein binding, chromatin binding) and catalysis (see Additional file 2).
Rewiring water networks in protein interiors impacts binding affinity, catalysis and the thermodynamic signature of biochemical processes through dynamic mechanisms, and thus has great potential to enhance binding specificity, accelerate catalysis and provide new reaction mechanisms and chemistry, that were not yet explored in nature.
The unigenes were finally classified into 24 categories based on molecular function, and the two most overrepresented groups were binding (other binding, protein binding, nucleic acid binding) and catalysis (catalytic activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, oxidoreductase activity).
Nano-urease from C. ensiformis has higher specificity and catalysis toward urea as compared to nano-urease from C. cajan.
Nevertheless, to address this problem, we characterized Arabidopsis PFT and PGGT1 with respect to substrate specificity and catalysis.
This fusion approach, incorporating domains with broad specificity for binding and catalysis, provides a new avenue to improve reactivity of simple combinations of enzymes within the complexity of plant biomass.
By combining CBM44 (diverse binding specificity) with CelE (multifunctional catalysis), we were able to create a fusion hybrid with improved reactivity.
