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However, the use of the DNA duplex stability data is limited because little verified information about TF binding specificities can be found from the literature and, therefore, binding specificities need to be learned from the data as well which currently requires that a set of verified binding sites is known.
The spacing between translation starts and ribosome binding sites is known to affect translation efficiency [ 58].
Altered methylation of CTCF binding sites is known for some imprinted genes, e.g., H19, where one of seven CTCF binding sites shows parent-of-origin specific methylation.
The methylation of DNA binding sites is known to inhibit the binding of transcription factors (Kim et al. 2013; Bui et al. 2012), with the altered expressions of MMP13 and SOX9 in OA hip cartilage resulting from changes in methylation affecting the binding of the transcriptional factor CREB to the MMP13 and SOX9 promoters.
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One concern is that computational searches for transcription factor binding sites are known to have a high rate of false positives [30].
Target genes bearing these binding sites are known to be important for various cellular processes, such as stress response, cell growth and development, and mitochondrial gene expression.
Since SCPD is far from an exhaustive database, false positives cannot be counted, but these "precision" curves are hopefully reflective of the true precision if all true binding sites were known.
To start with, CTCF binding sites are known to be flanked by an array of phased nucleosomes.
KstR binding sites are known to be highly conserved across the Mycobacteria, out to Rhodococcus and Nocardia [ 36].
We here presented a novel approach to identify putative target genes for transcription factors where the binding sites are known.
This observation is especially interesting because binding sites are known to be longer in prokaryotes 10-200 bp) than in eukaryotes (6-10 bp).
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