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Thus, denes can be defined to refer to stretches of DNA (or collections of such stretches) that provide specific binding sites for particular proteins.
The main novelty of our findings is in their generality, as opposed to other works that describe positional bias and specificity of TF binding sites for particular TFs or targets genes [2], [9], [11], [28], [34], [44].
However, the binding sites for particular sets of transcription factors (e.g. FAC1, POU1F1, STAT1, AR, SRF, LRH) are only enriched in promoters of microvascular EC-restricted genes.
The fact that there is a very significant association between noise level and the occurrence of binding sites for particular TFs further supports this interpretation.
Lum and Merritt (2011) proposed, but did not demonstrate, that the variation in trans-interactions observed between alleles and genetic backgrounds may result from differential presence or absence of binding sites for particular transcription factors (TFs) on different MenExi − alleles, and differences in TF expression across backgrounds.
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The second is to examine the site and discover what it contains.This second kind of analysis is done by lining up lots of known binding sites for a particular protein, comparing them position by position, and so finding out which letter is most likely to occur at which position, and how probable it is that a different letter may sometimes crop up instead.
That, to return briefly to the farmyard, depends on both the size of the haystack (that is, on the size of the genome ie, how much DNA there is to sort through) and on the number of needles (that is, on how many binding sites for one particular type of protein there are).
The number of binding sites for a particular regulator in general does not affect the logic type (e.g., TetR binding in F1/F4, F23/F24).
Given the size of eukaryotic genomes, the amount of DNA available for non-specific interactions is enormous with respect to the specific binding sites for a particular factor.
In many gene promoters it is possible to find multiple candidate binding sites for any particular transcription factor.
These cis-regulatory sequences are organized into cis-regulatory modules (CRM) containing one or more binding sites for a particular set of TFs.
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