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In addition, seven binding sites for fatty acids are localized in sub-domains IB, IIIA and IIIB, and on the sub-domain interfaces [27], [32], [36].
However, both because the binding sites for fatty acids in FFA1 (26, 26, 44), FFA2 (19), and FFA3 (19) have been explored by mutagenesis and our homology model of FFA1 has been validated by its use in "virtual screening" to identify novel ligands at FFA1 (26), we have been able to model and compare hFFA2 and bFFA2 with some confidence.
(1275) Among the up to 11 binding sites for fatty acids, 1276) there are at least 3 high-affinity sites for small molecules: the primary hemin site in domain 1,(1277) the primary warfarin site (drug site I) in domain 2A, and the primary diazepam site (drug site II) in domain 3A.
Available crystallographic data revealed binding sites for fatty acids (Bhattacharya et al. 2000), hemin, bilirubin (Zunszain et al. 2003, 2008), thyroxine hormone (Petitpas et al. 2003), prostaglandins (Yamaguchi et al. 2010), and a wide variety of chemical drugs (Curry 2009) (fig. 2 A).
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Most positively selected sites are located within albumin-binding sites for fatty acids and thyroxine, as well as at the contact surface with neonatal Fc receptor.
Albumin contains reversible binding sites for substances such as fatty acids, hormones, enzymes, dyes, trace metals and drugs [ 12, 13, 18, 19].
EPR studies with a spin-labeled analogue of stearic acid detected a high-affinity binding site for the fatty acid with strong immobilization.
Albumin is an important lipid carrier, as it displays multiple binding sites for medium- and long-chain fatty acids.
Moreover, translation efficiency could be improved by customizing the ribosomal binding sites of fatty acid pathway modules, thus enhancing fatty acid production.
It was found to possess binding sites for many different substances, e.g. aromatic ligands, fatty acids and metals [ 23].
The promoters for many of the genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis contain sterol response elements in addition to binding sites for nuclear factor (NF -Y, upstream factor, specific factor (SP)1 aNF -Y3 [ 93- 98].
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