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Predictions of transcription factor binding sites are usually based on models for transcription factor specificity.
Mammalian transcription factor binding sites are usually organized in clusters that contain several phylogenetically conserved sites for a few different transcription factors [36].
These binding sites are usually located upstream of the transcribed region they regulate [ 20].
Metal ion binding sites are usually conserved and generally, but not always, on the protein surface.
Transcription factors, for which the binding sites are usually hidden in the promoter sequence of the gene, are in this respect of particular importance.
In addition to DNase I hypersensitivity data, bona fide TF binding sites are usually under evolutionary pressure and therefore more conserved [ 33, 34].
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These methods work well when data sets are small, and thus, only a small fraction of top-scored binding sites is usually processed with these algorithms.
More generally, Cry-toxin binding sites were usually described in the membrane-proximal region of insect cadherins, not in the N-terminal extracellular region [ 8].
In conventional immunofluorescence, a full IgG antibody (with two binding sites) is usually used, at ∼150 kDa and ∼14.5 × 8.5 × 4 nm in size, with a binding affinity that ranges from nanomolar to picomolar.
By mapping the oligonucleotide sequences (ASO1, ASO2 and LSO) obtained from the OPA manifest file to the SNP flanking region, we found that the oligonucleotide binding sites were usually located about 19 29 bp upstream and downstream of the SNP.
Using straightforward computational methods for prediction of regulatory elements also presents issues; for example, prediction of transcription factor binding sites is usually accomplished by scanning a sequence of interest for matches to position-specific scoring matrices (PSSMs).
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