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Some membrane-bound multiheme cytochromes, belonging to the NapC/NirT family, contain four heme binding sequences that have evolved due to gene duplication of diheme domains.
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The test set used in our simulations consists of 47 promoter sequences, each having a varying number of annotated binding sites (positive sequences), and 250 promoter sequences that have no reported binding sites (negative sequences).
Here, for TF DNA binding there are many more sequences that have a large number of mismatches compared to those few high-fitness sequences that have a small number of mismatches; at smaller population sizes genetic drift dominates, pushing the equilibrium toward less fit sequences.
There are two possible ways to adapt GRISOTTO to this new problem: (i) derive a threshold of the BIS score contribution of a sequence above which the sequence is likely to have site predictions; (ii) incorporate an input parameter in the GRISOTTO greedy procedure, usually called quorum, that amounts for the fraction of sequences that have binding site predictions.
This is partly due to the fact that our method makes inference using multiple binding sites together and hence, it is able to assign higher probability to sequences that have multiple annotated binding sites.
Besides the 22 sequences, the other 78 prokaryotic sequences that have the glutamate binding domain and two or more TM helices have somewhat different topologies.
We are particularly interested in regulatory sequences that have undergone extensive rearrangements in their binding site repertoires without altering their function.
The marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA sequence retains all the receptor sequences that have been shown previously to be essential for ligand binding, structural integrity and signal transduction.
There are also 39 CgrA binding sites located within a protein coding sequence that have a gene located immediately downstream of the binding site (Fig. 3D).
A nearby loop has a sequence that has been associated with phosphate binding in other proteins.
Pyrrole- and imidazole-containing polyamides are widely investigated as DNA sequence selective binding agents that have potential use as gene control agents.
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