The relative low similarity seen here is likely due to pheromone binding proteins being highly individual and specific for different insect species.
In leaf rust, UDP-glucosyl transferase and chlorophyll a– b binding protein were highly expressed, while in powdery mildew treatment, ADP-ribosylation factor, lipid transfer protein, and oxalate oxidase were specifically expressed.
Lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins, are highly specific for their sugar moieties [ 37], and they are thought to be involved in fungus nematode recognition, especially in adhesive trapping [ 38].
In our study, the genes encoding calcium ion binding activity proteins were highly expressed in mature anther, and recently, the mechanisms and functions of calcium in pollen tube growth have been extensively reviewed [ 36].
Several binding motifs for FOXO proteins were highly significantly enriched (q-value = 0.003 or less): for SOX2, multiple sites were present within 2 kb of the transcriptional start site.
In this study, several transcripts coding for calcium-binding EF-hand family proteins were highly down-regulated at 0 and 10 dpa in the fl mutant as compared to WT (Additional file 1; Figure 5B1, 5B2, 5B3).
It has been previously shown [11] that binding of proteins is highly influenced by the size of the nanotube diameter, which is due not only to the increased surface area but also to the possibility of proteins to enter into the narrow interior of the nanotubes (only smaller proteins can enter the NTs 15 nm diameter interior).
Genes encoding chlorophyll a-b binding proteins were the most highly expressed genes in the stem-, leaf- and flower-derived libraries, and the root-derived cDNA libraries also contained several transcripts of chlorophyll a-b binding genes.
The numbers of binding and non-binding residues in proteins are highly unbalanced, so a novel scheme is proposed to deal with the problem of imbalanced datasets by downsizing the majority class.
Odorant binding proteins were first thought to have highly specific binding affinities to certain semiochemicals and to be exclusively expressed in the antennae of insects.
