The distribution of CPMV binding in Fig. 2A, which includes high, low, and no binding populations, could also partially be explained by the partite distribution of surface vimentin expression on cells of the immune system.
After the unbound and non-specific binding populations are removed, the remaining phage particles are recovered by infection and amplification in host bacteria growing in medium under either a selective genetic pressure (such as antibiotic resistance) or a differential identifying color scheme.
This indicates a significant overlap between Msl1 and Nsl1 binding populations, but suggests also a differential genome-wide binding of MSL and NSL.
This model establishes two binding populations for each sample: monovalent conjugates that are only capable of weak, reversible interactions, and multivalent conjugates with two or more folic acids that all experience a strong, irreversible binding.
One limitation of the tetramer approach is that for CD4+ T cells, it is necessary to gate out dying cells, which means that investigation of mechanisms of cell death in the tetramer-binding population is problematic.
Two parameters were chosen for validation of "positive" results: (1) a clustered, but not diffuse, tetramer binding-population, and (2) strong intensity of tetramer staining, especially marked for the CMV-tetramer-binding population (Fig. 1).
Old mice also have more cells that bind individual or multiple distinct foreign-pMHCs, and the fold increase in pMHC-binding populations is directly related to their CD5 levels.
For each epitope, there were detectable tetramer-binding populations of CD8+ T cells in at least two animals (Table 3).
In parallel, passaged hEBs displayed no apparent signs of apoptosis, as indicated by the lack of a significant induction of annexin-V-binding populations (Fig. 4B).
