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Closely interacting monomers are arranged as symmetric dimers and form cavities through which the inhibitor binding pockets can be accessed.
Furthermore, putative ligand binding pockets can be confidently predicted from these computer-generated protein models [7 9] and used as target sites for the discovery of new pharmaceuticals [10 12].
Three binding pockets can be distinguished in the proteolytic active site: S1, S2, and S3.
The binding sites detected can be viewed using Jmol plugin and also co-ordinates of these binding pockets can be downloaded in pdb format.
This gives an indication of the minimum number of substrate cleavages that has to be collected for a peptidase before definite conclusions about specificity in all binding pockets can be drawn.
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Furthermore, this binding pocket can be remodeled to accommodate a variety of different fatty acid cargoes.
However, access of the ligand to the hydrophobic binding pocket can be tightly controlled by various gatekeeping amino acid residues.
The extent of the modulator-binding pocket can be visually depicted using a modulator-accessible volume and further divided into 5 subsites (A, B, B′, C, C′).
The cofactor-binding pocket can be divided into three regions: the adenine ribose moiety of NAD+, the nicotinamide ribose moiety and the catalytic center located deep inside the pocket.
Two polar regions located at opposite sides of the ligand-binding pocket can be identified (Fig. 3b), and they are involved in the anchoring of the E2 hydroxyl moiety at positions 3 and 17.
These pockets can be used to further improve the binding affinity and selectivity of the currently available AKR1C3 inhibitors.
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