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Accordingly, expression of CEACAM1 mutants lacking either one or all IgC2-like domains resulted in lower numbers of endocytosed bacteria in comparison to wildtype CEACAM1 despite a similar binding of the microorganisms to the truncated receptor.
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As with all bacteria, colonisation of specific niches in host species is dependent on the selective binding of the microorganism to some host component(s).
The key gene clusters responsible for the manifestations of cholera are associated with production of cholera toxin located within the ctx element (which is part of a filiamentous phage capable of movement among strains [ 20]) and the vibrio pathogenicity island, which includes the TCP (toxin-coregulated pilus) gene, essential for binding of the microorganism to the intestinal mucosa.
The potential impacts of the nanoparticles via DNA binding on toxicity of the microorganisms are briefly discussed.
The primary mechanism of salivary defense is secretory immunoglobulin, which inactivates fungi via binding and/or agglutination of the microorganisms [ 82].
The MPO in the lysosome causes the destruction of ingested organisms by binding to the walls of the microorganisms and locally producing hypochlorous acid.
The next step involves irreversible binding to the surface, multiplication of the microorganisms, and the formation of microcolonies [ 6, 9].
It is obvious, therefore, that the binding of particles to the microorganism depends on the surface area available for intraction.
Bacteria can also induce Ca2+ responses that play a role in the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for cell binding and for internalisation of the microorganism [14].
Bacteria can induce Ca2+ responses that play a role in the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for cell binding and for internalisation of the microorganism [14].
Bacteria can induce Ca2+ responses that play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for cell binding and for internalisation of the microorganism [14].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com