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Similarly to its bacterial ortholog, mammalian mIF3 has been shown to promote both dissociation of the ribosome into subunits, and binding of the initiator tRNA to the ribosomal initiation complex [43].
Translation initiation begins with binding of the initiator Met-tRNAi to the 40S ribosomal subunit.
Autophosphorylation of PKR causes activation, resulting in phosphorylation of its substrate eukaryotic initiation factor-2 on the α-subunit, leading to inhibition of translation initiation by preventing binding of the initiator methionyl-tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit.
In prokaryotes, binding of the initiator proteins to origins itself provokes unwinding of origin DNA.
Early events in DNA replication are subdivided into the following three steps: (i) binding of the initiator proteins to sites located within the ori region; (ii) local unwinding of the ori region; and (iii) loading of the DNA helicase and other proteins required to form the Y-shaped replication forks [ 16].
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Translation initiation proceeds in several steps, and one of the early events involves the binding of three initiation factors, mRNA and initiator tRNA to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which is known as the 30S pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly.
The bacterial IF2 catalyzes the binding of initiator tRNA to the initiating 30S subunit [ 26, 27].
For comparison, HRP binding to the initiator-modified particles (Si@initiator) was also tested following the same procedure.
Although protein binding is the initiator of toxicity and cellular injury, secondary processes amplify and propagate it.
T. H.: Back when I joined, my friends had just discovered that the binding of an initiator tRNA [transfer RNA] was the key for starting hemoglobin synthesis, and we fairly soon found out that all the inhibitory factors I had been studying in New York blocked this very initiation step.
PY binds exclusively to the 30S subunit of the 70S ribosome, and preventing the formation of initiation complexes by preventing the binding of mRNA and initiator fMet-tRNA to the ribosome [ 33].
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binding of the metal
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