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This is attributed to the tighter coordination and stronger binding of the divalent alkaline-earth cations to the oxygen sites, and to the degree of folding of the crown ether backbone.
The viable defect sites of MCM-41 for the binding of the divalent nickel ions were determined from exploring the available pairs of vicinal and close non-vicinal silanol groups.
The strong binding of the divalent cations to the negatively charged DOPG molecules enhances the negative spontaneous curvature of the monolayers and causes a rapid collapsing of the vesicles.
This explanation, however, seems quite improbable: As a first approximation, instead of retardation one might expect acceleration of membrane protein diffusion, since the binding of the divalent calcium to the negative surface charges of disc membranes should rather increase than decrease the order parameter of the membranes, and thereby enhance the diffusion constants of the membrane proteins.
Residues involved in the binding of the divalent cation in the active site of Tm0936 are also conserved in Pa5106, a finding that suggests a similar metal coordination environment within the AHS.
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This effect was due to specific binding of these divalent cations to CusA, as confirmed by SPR measurements and by IMAC retention (fig. 4D).
The p66 chain has a catalytic site for DNA polymerization: the fingers, palm, and thumb subdomains form a cavity for the binding of the template, primer, two divalent cations, and dNTPs for DNA synthesis [1], as seen in other DNA polymerases.
In HSPB5, residues His-104, Asp-109, and His-111 have recently been implicated in Cu2+ and Zn2+ binding and the binding of divalent cation appears to destabilize the dimer interface (Mainz et al., 2012).
From these results, we concluded that Bvu0220 is not dependent on the binding of divalent cations for catalytic activity and that the function of this enzyme is to hydrolyze lactones of acid sugars.
This effect likely results from binding of extracellular divalent cations to fixed negative charges at the cellular membrane.
Similar labelling patterns were shown with Fab fragments of ICSM18, thus excluding the possibility of PrP redistribution upon binding of a divalent antibody (Fig 5B).
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