Together, these studies on seasonal and pandemic influenza strains have provided a comprehensive understanding of how high-affinity binding to the distinct topology of 'long' α2,6 linked sialylated glycans is a necessary step in efficient aerosol transmission (Additional file 1).
However, it should be noted that the majority of animal studies in oncology use HSP70, not gp96 as in Vitespen, and the autologous peptide binding of the latter is distinct from other HSP90 homologues, both of which may also explain the equivocal clinical results with Vitespen [ 90].
Furthermore, the strong correlation of BRA differential binding with the distinct transcriptional identities of FLyA- or FLyB-treated cells suggests that these events are biologically meaningful.
Recent evidence has also implicated the PCI domain in the binding of two distinct yeast eIF3 subunits (eIF3a and eIF3c) to RNA [ 14, 15] although in humans the same subunits were found to bind to RNA (HCV IRES) through independent RNA-binding HLH motifs [ 16].
To further evaluate the overlaps of the binding peaks of distinct TFs, we analyzed the 56 out of the 168 datasets, each being for a different TF (if there are multiple datasets of a TF, we selected the one with the largest size), and the same conclusion can be drawn about the overlaps of the binding peaks of different TFs (Additional file 5: Figure S2).
On the other hand, binding of the exogenous ligand introduces distinct structural changes in the two proteins.
To define the precise structural features that determine the binding of distinct pathogens with CEACAMs, we have undertaken molecular modelling and mutation of the receptor molecules at previously implicated key target residues required for bacterial binding.
Here, we implement native (i.e., without cross-linking) ChIP of micrococcal nuclease-digested chromatin followed by paired-end sequencing (N-ChIP-seq) for mapping binding sites of the structurally distinct budding yeast TFs Abf1 and Reb1.
Comparison of C751 Opa-A, -B and -D in which the differences exist only between their surface exposed loop structures (HV1 and HV2, shown in Fig. 9), suggests further that a combination of the two loop structures must be involved in presenting the appropriate binding partners for the distinct residues of the receptor.
When using mixtures of acid glycosphingolipids, i.e. sulfate-containing glycosphingolipids and sialic acid- containing glycosphingolipids (gangliosides), a distinct binding of the protein to a fast-migrating compound in the acid fraction of human small intestine (Fig. 2, lane 2), human meconium (lane 5), and human colon cancer (lane 6) was observed.
