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Specific binding of the conjugates were investigated by footprinting analysis using chemical modifications of accessible nucleotides in ribosomal RNA.
Both species-specific and antigen-specific binding of the conjugates were demonstrated in vitro, with no detectable internalization.
In vitro, both species-specific and antigen-specific binding of the conjugates were demonstrated, with no detectable internalization.
Furthermore, binding of 111In-Fab and 125In-Fab was blocked by an excess of unlabelled AbD15179 in both cell lines, demonstrating specific binding of the conjugates (Figure 2).
The DNA binding of the conjugates were then evaluated by an ethidium bromide displacement assay.
An irrelevant sepharose-bound antigen (Px) was used to assay any non-specific antigen binding of the conjugates.
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The method includes: permeabilization of the cells by a detergent (5 minutes); fixation by a formaldehyde-based solution (10 minutes); binding of the conjugate Mab A45-B/B3-alkaline phosphatase to cytoskeletal CKs (45 minutes); and formation of an insoluble red reaction product at the binding site of the specific conjugate (15 minutes).
Within the range we tested, the concentration of bifunctional crosslinker did not appear to have a significant effect on the binding ability of the conjugates (see Supplementary figures S1 and S2).
The binding affinities of the conjugates to their target sequences were measured by surface plasmon resonance (BIAcor) techniques.The peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates progressively entered cells over a period of hours and were detected in cytoplasmic vesicles and in the nucleus.
Since BSA binds fatty acids [ 24], it was plausible that the binding of the BSA conjugates to the free trityl side product decreased the water solubility of the BSA.
The pH scouting for optimum covalent binding of the protein conjugates to the carboxylated surface of the sensor chip was performed in a Biacore 3000 (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) SPR instrument using a pH scouting wizard.
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