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How binding of multiple ligands to receptors shapes dose responses.
Nature makes extensive use of polyvalency the simultaneous binding of multiple ligands to multiple complementary receptors.
To support our general theory we consider two reaction schemes involving the binding of multiple ligands (substrates and inhibitors) to the free enzyme (Fig. 1b and c).
However, recent findings suggest that the IGF2R may trigger a signalling cascade leading to cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy [55], the regulation of cell invasion and cell motility in human cancer cells [56], [57] and the binding of multiple ligands other than IGF-II [58], [59].
The simultaneous binding of multiple ligands to multiple cellular receptors can lead to receptor clustering.
The binding of multiple ligands to individual receptors has previously been described [ 39]; however, certain interactions appear to be more important than others.
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By contrast, in Notch and VEGF receptors, whose extracellular regions contain repeats of EGF-like and Ig domains, respectively, binding of multiple ligand isoforms is localized to the same region of one or two repeats, although the presence of other repeats can enhance binding [15] [17].
We explore a perturbative approach to calculation of binding free energy of multiple ligands, based on a single molecular dynamics simulation of a reference ligand receptor complex and analysis via a hybrid force field/continuum model potential.
In addition, CheY6 from R. sphaeroides, discussed shortly, may be a paradigm for a specific type of CheY which may be capable of binding to multiple ligands.
Recent progress in the development of small molecular skeleton-derived polo-like kinase (PLK1) catalytic domain (KD) inhibitors has led to the synthesis of multiple ligands with high binding affinity.
Another approach of the normalization of binding energies introduced by Lauro et al. (2011) was studying docking of multiple ligands against multiple proteins.
More suggestions(15)
binding of tritiated ligands
binding of multiple nanoparticles
binding of gaseous ligands
binding of multiple targets
binding of multiple TFs
binding of multiple tetramers
binding of exogenous ligands
binding of specific ligands
binding of soluble ligands
binding of halogenated ligands
binding of multiple VHHs
binding of endogenous ligands
binding of dimeric ligands
binding of multiple concentrations
binding of microbial ligands
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