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Thus, we speculate that in vivo, CovR may interfere with the binding of a repressor or requires a cofactor.
Experimental data show that a repressive mode, where the presence of a resource disables the binding of a repressor to the DNA, is preferred when demand for expression is rare, whereas an activating mode is preferred in the opposite situation [8].
In general, the binding of a repressor to the promoter significantly increases the duration of the closed complex formation, usually by reducing the probability that an RNAp will find the TSS (e.g. by blocking diffusion on the template) [ 7, 12].
Identical by Descent (IBD) mapping revealed a noncoding QTN in an intron of the IGF2 gene that abates binding of a repressor and results in higher IGF2 expression in skeletal and heart muscle.
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In the first part of this article, I summarized three commonly cited mechanisms of chemical kinetics that could raise the Hill coefficient for individual reactions: cooperative binding, titration of a repressor, and opposing saturated forward and back reactions.
Two inverted AGAA-boxes in the xyn2 promoter were previously considered to be the binding motif of a repressor [ 21, 22].
This mutation affects the binding site of a repressor and up-regulates IGF2 expression in skeletal muscles and heart, inducing major maternally imprinted effects on muscle growth, heart size and fat deposition.
The simplest mechanism would be that motif methylation inhibits the binding of a transcriptional repressor.
The Q allele (A-SNP) seems to abrogate the binding of a putative repressor (van Laere et al, 2003).
This mechanism may imply that hypermethylation in a silencer region could determine an increase in gene expression by preventing the binding of a putative repressor.
An alternative hypothesis would be that the -1173 C/T polymorphism disrupts the binding of a transcription repressor at this site [ 20].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com