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Most anthraquinone pigments are made by complexing with metal ions, often Al3+, but also Sn(IV), Ca2+, and Fe(III), which imparts insolubility in a binding medium and also produces a variety of colors.
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These results suggest that the painting is unusual not only in the depiction of a compass rose on a Chinese style map, but also in the binding medium and some of the pigments and pigment mixtures used.
Negative controls were equivalent volumes of complete binding medium and serum from a non-immunised rabbit.
While combining with other characteristic peaks of 2920, 2850 cm−1 (CH2), 1650 cm−1 (Amide I band) and 1540 cm−1 (Amide II band), the existence of organic binding medium was also proved which may be associated with protein, drying oils or the beeswax [20].
It is worth mentioning that similar spectra indicating an alkyd binding medium were also collected from matte black paints, such as the paint used for the artist's signatures (Fig. 8f, see Additional file 4).
FEP films immobilized with the IKVAV oligopeptide sequence were shown to mediate PC12 cell attachment and a competitive binding medium also significantly attenuated cell attachment on the immobilized films.
The increase in glucose production depends on availability of cellulose in the medium and also due to the specific binding of the enzymes with substrates [ 34].
The spectrum of the blue text matched with the reference spectrum of azurite without any binding medium (Fig. 5b), which was also confirmed by FTIR.22 In addition, FTIR-ATR also examined the blue hat of the left figure in folio 83r and the blue text in folio 86r and found them both to be identified with azurite.
Phosphorylation of serine262 in domain I of tau decreases tau binding to microtubules and also abolishes binding by ApoE3.
The chemicals act as binding agents and also make plastics flexible.
Preliminary results confirm that all pigments and binding medium used were typical of Bacon works.
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